<p style="list-style-type:disc; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#ffffff">Components and circuits are getting smaller and smaller, making the manufacturing of electronics increasingly complex. Embedding complex and delicate parts that require precision placement along with high component density and small pitch are just some of the challenges manufacturers face when creating these products.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="list-style-type:disc; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#ffffff">On robot arms, force sensors detect how much pressure has been applied when handling and fitting electronic components on the PCB. Robots, with their vision and flexible arms, can perform the bulk of physical tasks more efficiently and faster than human beings.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="list-style-type:disc; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#ffffff">Due to increasing circuit complexity, automated testing and inspections are in high demand. Circuits with high component densities and tight spaces, together with large integrated circuits that have invisible pins and contacts, are often nearly impossible to test with a naked eye. These challenges have prompted manufacturers to turn to automated testing.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="list-style-type:disc; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#ffffff">There are numerous approaches, including automated optical inspections (AOI), automated X-ray inspections (AXI), etc. Cameras mounted on robot arms can inspect electronics assemblies, ensuring that soldering and component alignment is correct.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="list-style-type:disc; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#ffffff">Additionally, you will find automatic electrical tests, such as robotic flying probes, which verify connections and make sure the circuits function. Furthermore, automated robotic arms equipped with infrared cameras can check a powered board for hot spots and other thermal issues.</span></span></span></p>

<p style="list-style-type:disc; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#ffffff">A major advantage of automation is the ability of robotic equipment to reach tight spaces while removing human errors. Consequently, accidental component damage, electric shocks, or burns are reduced. In addition, it is more precise and accurate for repeat tests, especially when verifying if the problem was resolved.</span></span></span></p>