<p style="margin-left:48px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">Companies undertake projects in manufacturing automation and computer-integrated manufacturing for a variety of good reasons. Some of the reasons used to justify automation are listed below.</span></span><br />
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<p style="margin-left:48px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">1. To increase labour productivity</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">Automating a manufacturing operation usually increases production rate and labour productivity. This means greater output per hour of labour input.</span></span></p>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">2. To reduce labour cost</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">Ever-increasing labour cost has been and continues to be the trend in the world&rsquo;s industrialized societies. Consequently, higher investment in automation has become economically justifiable to replace manual operations.</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/PlNtVuji-e_YB87PqjHIZaFX1_DfjB7J5LsdZhdpZdCktpMjVcy82gs1jqIWo02C_51HzjxFLRI-izTyQINv3akMWF0ykVxvVcTps6-k9aTniOsT8dL8sBNCsezqoBJ3LCHRp8bB" style="height:437px; width:380px" /></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">3. To mitigate the effects of labour Shortages&nbsp;</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">There is a general shortage of labour in some countries, and this has stimulated the development of automated operations as a substitute for labour.</span></span></p>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">4. To reduce and eliminate routine clerical and Manual tasks</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">An argument can be put forth that there is social value in automating operations that are routine, boring, fatiguing, and possibly irksome. Automating such tasks serves the purpose of improving the general level of working conditions.</span></span></p>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">5. To improve worker safety&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">By automating a given operation and transferring the worker from active participation in the process to a supervisory role, the work is made safer. The safety and physical well-being of the worker has become a national objective with the enactment of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) in 1970. This has provided an impetus for automation.</span></span></p>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">6. To improve product quality</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">As a result of automation, production rates are higher than manual processes. In addition, the manufacturing process is more uniform and conforms to the quality specifications. Automating processes leads to a reduction in fractional defects as well.</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/F1LUOOd3U2csqzgBDA2lJD_jje52M6hj4I7yDSDV3jk7Qh3KJZCKu08CNskdITJwMJjQ9yZrpkO47DFr270RwypUEe0AChhD25m-MPLnU1oSEzm2Kcti-6aAksvaQ7awST1X8skE" style="height:435px; width:352px" /></span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">7. To reduce manufacturing Lead time&nbsp;</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">Automation helps to reduce the elapsed time between customer order and product delivery, providing a competitive advantage to the manufacturer for future orders. By reducing manufacturing lead time, the manufacturer also reduces work-in-process inventory.</span></span></p>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">8. To accomplish processes that cannot be done manually</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">Certain operations cannot be accomplished without the aid of a machine. These processes have requirements for precision, miniaturization, or complexity of geometry that cannot be achieved manually.</span></span></p>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">9. To avoid the high cost of not automating</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">Automating a manufacturing plant gives a company a competitive edge. A company can&#39;t easily prove this advantage on its project authorization form.</span></span></p>

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<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">10. To Perform Operations That Must Be Automated</span></span></p>

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">Many manufacturing operations cannot be carried out manually. This is because the operations&rsquo; requirements far exceed manual ability. These requirements include the following:</span></span></p>

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	<li style="list-style-type: disc; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">Accuracy</span></span></li>
	<li style="list-style-type: disc; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">The intricacy of the geometry</span></span></li>
	<li style="list-style-type: disc; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">Miniaturization</span></span></li>
</ul>

<p style="margin-left:38px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="color:#000000">Only machines can achieve these processes. Some of the parts to be worked on may be extremely small and delicate and so the margin for error in such is nonexistent.</span></span></p>

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